Multi-dimensional Arrays

Our last topic – multi dimensional arrays

Arrays

Advanced Type

We said above that an array can store variables and those variables can store data. But what about the following scenario – where we have spaceships where we want to store the spaceship’s SIZE in diameter and their DISTANCE from Earth? 

See the table below of 3 spaceships – Falcon Z, Mon and Space X

Can we do this? 

Arrays which store other arrays are known as Multi-Dimensional Arrays. These will become very useful as your data and programme becomes more complex. Watch the video below to know how to create a multidimensional array.

The video below is to help you understand multi-dimensional arrays. A Recap of the video follows

Let's look at an example

Let’s create a multi dimensional array that stores spaceships. And we want to store their SIZE in diameter and their DISTANCE from Earth.

Let’s play around with arrays by clicking on the button below. You’ll see they created an array consisting of different types of spaceships with their size and speed.

Let’s play around with arrays by clicking on the button below. You’ll see they created an array consisting of different types of spaceships with their size and speed. 

Your task: 

  1. change the names of spaceships to the names of the spaceships of your choice  
  2. Change the values for the spaceship sizes and speed. 

Be creative and play around. Click run to see what happens.

Task: Now it is the time to work on the drones

Remember – Agent Gail needs your help to programme the drones to locate Galaxy X flight. 

The drones need to store all the coordinates that are sent to the agents from the drones – this will track their flight path. Your task as the software engineer of the drones is to implement code which stores all the coordinates sent by the drones. 

Below is the table of the coordinates sent by the drones:

Here are some steps to guide you:

  • Create an array named coordinates 

  • Store the coordinates listed above for each date, using a multidimensional array (2 values per element in the array) 

Here’s a hint: the first item in the array would be: 

$coordinates = array (

  array(“20 December 2040”,-0.97377,-45.64867),

Click “fork me” to add and edit your PHP code.

Once you’re done, take a screenshot and save it as JPEG. Upload it to the assignment upload below. Well done – we have completed the first step in helping Agent Gail locate the Galaxy X flight by tracking the drones flight path.

In this section, we talked about  arrays and how they help us create a single collection of  values of different data types .We introduced the following 

  • Arrays
  • How to create arrays
  • How to access an element in an array
  • Associate arrays
  • Multidimensional arrays

You modified the storage system of the drones to save all the coordinates that are sent to the agents – this will help to trace the drones flight path. So that when the drones find Galaxy X, it’s an easy job to find them.

Time to complete the quiz before moving onto Decision structures.

Next: We'll learn about decision making in PHP

Whitespace – basically empty space (like spaces, tabs, or enter button) that makes the code look neat and organized, but the computer doesn’t care about it.

 A User – is any person that interacts (by inputs) with a program without having to write the code directly. For example, you are the user to the code that makes your browser/website run. When you clicked on this pop-up, that was the input that made this explanation come up when the code detected it.

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Indentation – In the written form of many languages, an indentation or indent is an empty space at the beginning of a line to signal the start of a new paragraph.

Text editor – is the part of the IDE where you write the code. Most text editors highlight words with different properties like functions to help you distinguish them from one another. 

Homogeneous – of the same kind; alike throughout.

Heterogeneous – diverse in character or content; containing different things

Prompt – to  cause or bring about; to make something happen. For example making someone to say or write something.

Troubleshooting is a form of problem solving, often applied to repair failed products or processes on a machine or a system. It is a logical, systematic search for the source of a problem in order to solve it, and make the product or process operational again.

String Built-in Functions/Methods

There are a lot of strings functions/methods in Python. Find full list in course manual. Here’s are some that you find useful in this course:

Functions

  • len(varName) – Returns the length of a list, string
  • join(varName) – Converts the elements of an iterable into a string.

Methods 

  • varName.capitalize() – Converts the first character to upper case.
  • varName.center(length) – Returns a centered string
  • varName.count(“?”) – Returns the number of times a specified value (?) occurs in a string (varName).
  • varName.endswith(“?”) – Returns true if the string ends with the specified value.
  • varName.find(“?”) – Searches the string for a specified value and returns the position of where it was found.
  • varName.format(placeholder = value) – Formats specified values in a string.
  • varName.index(“?”) – Searches the string for a specified value and returns the position of where it was found.
  • varName.isalnum() – Returns True if all characters in the string are alphanumeric.
  • varName.isalpha() – Returns True if all characters in the string are in the alphabet.
  • varName.isascii() – Returns True if all characters in the string are ascii characters.
  • varName.isdecimal() – Returns True if all characters in the string are decimals.
  • varName.isdigit() – Returns True if all characters in the string are digits.
  • varName.isidentifier() – Returns True if the string is an identifier.
  • varName.islower() – Returns True if all characters in the string are lower case.
  • varName.isupper() – Returns True if all characters in the string are upper case.
  • varName.isnumeric() – Returns True if all characters in the string are numeric.
  • varName.isprintable() – Returns True if all characters in the string are printable.
  • varName.isspace() – Returns True if all characters in the string are whitespaces.
  • varName.istitle() – Returns True if the string follows the rules of a title.
  • varName.ljust(value) – Returns a left justified version of the string.
  • varName.rjust() Returns a right justified version of the string.
  • varName.lower() – Converts a string into lower case.
  • varName.upper() – Converts a string into upper case.
  • varName.strip() – Returns a trimmed version of the string.
  • varName.lstrip() – Returns a left trim version of the string.
  • varName.rstrip() Returns a right trim version of the string.
  • varName.partition() – Returns a tuple where the string is parted into three parts.
  • varName.replace(“old”, “new”) – Returns a string where a specified value is replaced with a specified value.
  • varName.rfind() – Searches the string for a specified value and returns the last position of where it was found.
  • varName.rindex() – Searches the string for a specified value and returns the last position of where it was found.
  • varName.rpartition() – Returns a tuple where the string is parted into three parts.
  • varName.rsplit() – Splits the string at the specified separator, and returns a list.
  • varName.split() – Splits the string at the specified separator, and returns a list.
  • varName.splitlines() – Splits the string at line breaks and returns a list.
  • varName.startswith() – Returns true if the string starts with the specified value.
  • varName.swapcase() – Swaps cases, lower case becomes upper case and vice versa.

String Special Characters

There a number of special string characters that have different functions when used inside ” “. Here’re some useful and common ones:

  • \n – Newline – Everything after it goes to next line.
  • \t – Horizontal tab – creates a tab space, similar to when you use ‘tab’ on keyboard.
  • \b – backspace – deletes the character before the it.
  • \r – carriage return – same as \n

In programming Concatenation is a process of appending one string to another. 

\ – escape character is a string character that tell Python that the next character after it should be taken as a string and not as an instruction.

str ( ) is a built-in function that converts and sequence of characters (numbers especially) in to text. 

Mad Libs is a phrasal template word game created by Leonard Stern and Roger Price. It consists of one player prompting others for a list of words to substitute for blanks in a story before reading aloud.

type ( ) is a built-in function (still to cover what built-in functions are later) that determines the Data Type of any data presented. 

input ( ) is a built-in function (still to cover what built-in functions are later) allows a user to insert info into a program/the code. 

print ( ) is a built-in function (still to cover what built-in functions are later) that executes data inside the brackets. The results get printed out on the console/results section.

Integrated Development Environment (IDE) – A digital environment used to develop games, software, hardware, that offers integration from debugging to compiling. Essentially where you write, edit, and run to test your code. 

Variables

More about variables

Info about variables

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