Understanding PHP

 A User – is any person that interacts (by inputs) with a program without having to write the code directly. For example, you are the user to the code that makes your browser/website run. When you clicked on this pop-up, that was the input that made this explanation come up when the code detected it.

Indentation – In the written form of many languages, an indentation or indent is an empty space at the beginning of a line to signal the start of a new paragraph.

Text editor – is the part of the IDE where you write the code. Most text editors highlight words with different properties like functions to help you distinguish them from one another. 

Homogeneous – of the same kind; alike throughout.

Heterogeneous – diverse in character or content; containing different things

Prompt – to  cause or bring about; to make something happen. For example making someone to say or write something.

Troubleshooting is a form of problem solving, often applied to repair failed products or processes on a machine or a system. It is a logical, systematic search for the source of a problem in order to solve it, and make the product or process operational again.

There are a lot of strings functions/methods in Python. Find full list in course manual. Here’s are some that you find useful in this course:

Functions

• len(varName) – Returns the length of a list, string
• join(varName) – Converts the elements of an iterable into a string.

Methods 

• varName.capitalize() – Converts the first character to upper case.
• varName.center(length) – Returns a centered string
• varName.count(“?”) – Returns the number of times a specified value (?) occurs in a string (varName).
• varName.endswith(“?”) – Returns true if the string ends with the specified value.
• varName.find(“?”) – Searches the string for a specified value and returns the position of where it was found.
• varName.format(placeholder = value) – Formats specified values in a string.
• varName.index(“?”) – Searches the string for a specified value and returns the position of where it was found.
• varName.isalnum() – Returns True if all characters in the string are alphanumeric.
• varName.isalpha() – Returns True if all characters in the string are in the alphabet.
• varName.isascii() – Returns True if all characters in the string are ascii characters.
• varName.isdecimal() – Returns True if all characters in the string are decimals.
• varName.isdigit() – Returns True if all characters in the string are digits.
• varName.isidentifier() – Returns True if the string is an identifier.
• varName.islower() – Returns True if all characters in the string are lower case.
• varName.isupper() – Returns True if all characters in the string are upper case.
• varName.isnumeric() – Returns True if all characters in the string are numeric.
• varName.isprintable() – Returns True if all characters in the string are printable.
• varName.isspace() – Returns True if all characters in the string are whitespaces.
• varName.istitle() – Returns True if the string follows the rules of a title.
• varName.ljust(value) – Returns a left justified version of the string.
• varName.rjust() Returns a right justified version of the string.
• varName.lower() – Converts a string into lower case.
• varName.upper() – Converts a string into upper case.
• varName.strip() – Returns a trimmed version of the string.
• varName.lstrip() – Returns a left trim version of the string.
• varName.rstrip() Returns a right trim version of the string.
• varName.partition() – Returns a tuple where the string is parted into three parts.
• varName.replace(“old”, “new”) – Returns a string where a specified value is replaced with a specified value.
• varName.rfind() – Searches the string for a specified value and returns the last position of where it was found.
• varName.rindex() – Searches the string for a specified value and returns the last position of where it was found.
• varName.rpartition() – Returns a tuple where the string is parted into three parts.
• varName.rsplit() – Splits the string at the specified separator, and returns a list.
• varName.split() – Splits the string at the specified separator, and returns a list.
• varName.splitlines() – Splits the string at line breaks and returns a list.
• varName.startswith() – Returns true if the string starts with the specified value.
• varName.swapcase() – Swaps cases, lower case becomes upper case and vice versa.

There a number of special string characters that have different functions when used inside ” “. Here’re some useful and common ones:

• \n – Newline – Everything after it goes to next line.
• \t – Horizontal tab – creates a tab space, similar to when you use ‘tab’ on keyboard.
• \b – backspace – deletes the character before the it.
• \r – carriage return – same as \n

In programming Concatenation is a process of appending one string to another. 

\ – escape character is a string character that tell Python that the next character after it should be taken as a string and not as an instruction.

str ( ) is a built-in function that converts and sequence of characters (numbers especially) in to text. 

Mad Libs is a phrasal template word game created by Leonard Stern and Roger Price. It consists of one player prompting others for a list of words to substitute for blanks in a story before reading aloud.

type ( ) is a built-in function (still to cover what built-in functions are later) that determines the Data Type of any data presented. 

input ( ) is a built-in function (still to cover what built-in functions are later) allows a user to insert info into a program/the code. 

print ( ) is a built-in function (still to cover what built-in functions are later) that executes data inside the brackets. The results get printed out on the console/results section.

Integrated Development Environment (IDE) – A digital environment used to develop games, software, hardware, that offers integration from debugging to compiling. Essentially where you write, edit, and run to test your code.